Combined instrument for leveling



(No Model.)

B. P. GALLISQ GOMBINED INSTRUMENT FOR LEVELING, SURVEYING, 8w.

Patented Feb; 13. 1883.

ATTORNEYS.

n. PETERS. mwmn 'mr. wumn m. o a

UNITED STATES PATENT CEEICE.

RUDOLPH PETER GALLIS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.

COMBINED INSTRUMENT FOR LEVELING, SURVEYING, 81.0.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 272,231, dated February13, 1883.

Application filed October 31318852. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, RUDOLPH PETER GAL- LIs,of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, haveinvented a new and Improved Combined Instrument for Leving, Surveying,850., of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and 1m proved instrumentor tool for facilitating the determination of the direction, the

t setting, and erection of horizontal, vertical, and inclined lines ofshafting and the 1ike,'and

of lines of shafting at right angles thereto, or of geometrical lines inany of the above directions in general; also, for setting bases ofmachinery, parts ofbridges, roofs, &c., in any ofthe above positions;also, for use in the work-shop and other places as a commonspirit-level, as a right-angled positive and negative square, as astraight-edge, and as a face-plate, and for similar purposes.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of my improved leveling andsurveying instrument, parts being broken out and shown in section. Fig.2 is a cross-sectional elevation of the same on the line at as, Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 3 y, Fig. 1.Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the telescope-tube,showing a modification of the construction of the same. Fig. '5 is acrosssectional elevation of the same, and Fig. 6 is a perspective viewof the detachable foot of the instrument.

The instrumentconsists of a rectangular frame, A, which is provided inits bottom edge with a longitudinal A-shaped groove, B. In its upperedge the frame Ais provided with a telescope tube, C, which isparallel'with the base or lower edge of the frame A and with the sidesof the same, which tube is provided at one end with a lens and center ofthe usual construction, and at theother end with a wire cross, a, orsome analogous device commonly used in surveying-telescopes. The endsofthe telescope C are threaded to permit of disks D being screwed in thesaid ends to protect the telescope when the same is not being used.

In the modification shown in Figs. 4 and 5 a centrally-apcrtured disk,D, is secured in one endot' the tube C, and-a long-range riflesighr, E,is secured at the other end, said sight consisting of a short rod with asmall ball at the end, which small ball must be exactly on the centralline of the telescope-tube C.

Thetelescope-tube may be made integral with the frame A; or it may beotherwise securedon thesame; but the longitudinal axis of thetelescope-tube must always be exactly parallel with the bottom .piece ofthe frame A.

A s nrit-level, F, is secured in the upper edge of the bottom piece ofthe frame A, the said level being parallel with the bottom piece. Atransverse spirit-level, G, is secured on the bottom piece of the frameA at right angles to the same. Both spirit-levels F and G may beprovided with graduated scales, if desired.

A straight-edge, H, is pivoted to the frame A at the upper corner andcrosses the frame diagonally. The edges of the two sides of the frame A,that'can be crossed by the pivoted straight-edge H,are provided withgraduations, which are also drawn radially from the center of the pivotof the straight-edge. The said stright-edge, which is shown in sectionin Fig. 2, maybe provided with a spirit-level, J, if desired. Thestraight-edge H and the scale on the sides of the frame A may bedispensed with; but preferably they are provided, as they adapt theinstrument for more uses. I

The instrument may be detachably secured- -to a base support or stand,as shown in Fig.

6, the said support being constructed sub.

stantially as described.

The instrument can be usedfor various purposes--for instance, forleveling and adjusting shafting, in which case the surveyor places theinstrument on the shaft in the manner shown in Fig. 2, so that the upperpart of the shaft passes into the A-shaped groove B. He then looksthrough the telescope-tube to a certain mark, and adjusts the shaftinguntilhe can see the said mark through the telescope, the shafting thenbeing in the proper position. In the same manner he can findintermediate centers between a shaft already adjusted and certain markson either the front or rear side 7 of the instrument.

By placing the instrument against upright shaftiug the same can beexamined as to its being vertical, the spiritlevel in the bottom edge ofthe Irame being at right angles to the side of the frame which is placedagainst the upright sha't-thatmeans, ifthe shaft is vertical the levelis horizontal. In the same way the instrument can be used for settingboth horiz ntal and vertical foundation-plates and other pieces-as, forinstance, pieces in the work-shop, parts of bridges, and otherconstructions.

The instrument can also be used as a common square, all the four sidesbeing at right angles both in and out side.

The instruinentcan also be used asa straightedge or ru e.ifthe same isheld in an inclined position, so that it stands on the sharp edge.

The sides of the instrument having a certain width and length, they canbe used as faceplates on a small scale.

If the telescope is to be used at an angle to the horizon, theadjustable or pivoted straightedge is laid horizontal, and the telescopeis then so adjusted that the surveyor can see the desired point orobject through the same, and the graduated scales on the sides ofthelrame A will then show the number of degrees which the telescopedeviates from the horizonal position.

The instrument, in combination with the dc tachable foot, can also beused for finding the point of intersection of two lines joining at rightangles-as, for instance, the point of intersection ot' the center linesof two intended lines of shafting, the three terminal points of whichare shown by certain marks. The foot ot the instrument is then placed sothat if the surveyor places the instrument first on one of the cylindersforming the detachable i'oot he can see one of the aforesaid marksthrough the telescope. it he reverses the instrument without changingthe position of the foot, he will see the opposite mark if the telescopeis in a straight line between the two marks. He then sets the instrumentover to the other cylinder and moves the whole in a straight linebetween the two first marks until he can see the third mark through thetelescope, the point of intersection of the two lines being then formed.

The surveyor can then examine whether any intermediate points betweenthe terminal marks --as, for instance, centers of hangers orpedestalsare in a straight line between the telescope and any of thethree terminal points.

Having thus described my invention, whatI claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The leveling'instrument made substantially as herein shown anddescribed, and consisting of four straight-edges or face plates combinedinto a rectangular frame, provided in the under edge of its bottom piecewith a longitudinal A-shaped groove,and providediu the upper edge. ofits bottom piece witha longitudinal spirit level, F, and a. transversespirit-level, G, the longitudinal spirit-level F being parallel to thelongitudinal A-shaped groove in the straight edge or face-plate formingthe bottom of the frame.

2. The combinationof therectangular frame having a A-shaped longitudinalgroove in its bottom piece,and being provided in the upper edge of itsbottom piece with a longitudinal spirit-level, F, and a transversespirit level, G, with a telescope-tube in its top piece, as set forth. V

3. The combination, with the rectangular frame A, having a. longitudinalA shapcl groove, B, in its bottom piece,of the telescopetnhe, U, of thetransverse spirit-level G, and the straight-edge H, pivoted to onecorner of the frame A, substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination, with the frame A, of the spirit-levels F and G, thetelescope tube l, the pivoted straight-edge H.and the spiritlevel J onthe straight-edge H. substantially as herein shown and described, andfor the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, with the frame A, provided in the under edge of itsbottom piece with a longitudinal l\-shaped groove, of the twospirit-levels F and G. of the telescopetube (3, and a detachable fJotconsisting of two cylindrical pieces of equal diameters,joining eachother at right angles and in the same plane, the said two cylindersbeing fastened to eachother in the above position by any convenientmeans, and being provided with three adjusting-screws, the said footbeing used for the purposes set forth.

'RUDoLPu PET-ER GALLIS.

Witnesses:

THEODORE JEPSON, w LEWIS TRASK.

